This project supports implementing larger-scale projects to improve local watershed health and ecosystem conditions and function within the Pend Oreille subbasin, consistent with the NPCC Sub-Basin Plan. The Kalispel Tribe has a history of matching & leveraging funds from various sources (e.g. SRFB, DOE, DOT, BIA, USFS) to implement large scale watershed projects. Land management and watershed restoration will be based upon the jointly-developed objectives and expected performance outcomes.

In previous years contracts (2016-2019) the USGS examined thermal heterogeneity across space and time and identified potential cold-water refuges for salmonids in the Pend Oreille River. The USGS had specific objectives:
1. Continue to compare longitudinal patterns of water temperature derived from thermal infrared imagery to in-stream measurements in the
     water column.
2. Continue to assess spatial (lateral, longitudinal, and vertical) and temporal thermal heterogeneity in water temperature at multiple scales.
3. Continue to evaluate statistical associations between hydrologic and geomorphic variables and occurrence of cool-water areas.
4. The USGS and a Tribal Contractor have provided a cold-water refuge protection and restoration framework (attached). The framework will
     help prioritize areas for protection and potential enhancement of cold-water refuges in the Pend Oreille River.

Based on the framework, the Kalispel Tribe of Indians, Natural Resources Department (KNRD) hired a qualified design engineering team (Northwest Hydraulic Consultants) for the planning, design, and permitting for 2 sites that are part of a temperature refuge enhancement project located north of Newport, Washington: Indian Creek mouth and springs in the vicinity of Duncan Lake/Springs. This planning and design has been completed and gone through ISRP and BPA review. For 2022, the focus for implementation will be at the mouth of Indian Creek.  Initially, this work was to be initiated in 2020, but due to COVID, and then a reverse decision by a private Land Owner not allowing easement access to the work location the project was delayed a year.  The Tribe has since developed an alternative access to the work location. Their deliverable is a final design and engineering plans, specifications, and cost estimates. Complete regulatory review (e.g. BPA HIP III risk determination), environmental compliance, and obtain all necessary construction permits (state and local permits required) will be done by the engineering team.

Supporting Documentation generated by the USGS, Subcontractors, and the Tribe, for the proposed restoration and refugia expansion work has been attached within cbfish now under this CR.